Gangtok

Sikkim only joined India in 1975 after centuries as a tiny, independent kingdom. Originally inhabited largely by the Lepcha people and Bhutias of Tibetan origin, its ethnic balance started to change rapidly from the end of the nineteenth century. Since then the influx of Nepalese settlers has outnumbered Sikkim's older inhabitants by more than three to one. And yet Sikkim is not Nepal: even the style of building displays Tibetan affinities, while the large number of Buddhist monasteries, including the seat of the Karmapa sect at the magnificent Rumtek monastery, are far more prominent than Hindu temples. The capital, Gangtok, has expanded quickly in recent years but Sikkim is not a traditionally urban society. Small villages are scattered along its great river valleys and through the hills that are cloaked in jungles.

Entering the state across the Tista River Bridge you find yourself sweltering in tropical heat but the road to Gangtok (which means 'top of the ridge') leads you up to the cooler climes of a relaxed town spread over the hillside facing Kanchenjunga. Renowned for its variety of orchids and butterflies, Sikkim's traditional livelihoods also include cultivating cardamom and other spices in alder groves. It is now also well known for its handicrafts and for its beers and spirits which are taxed at a much lower rate than in other states - an attraction for some visitors!
Many visitors head for Rumtek monastery, a short drive from Gangtok, or the Tibetology Research Institute just out of town. The institute is famous for its collection of priceless manuscripts and artifacts from both Sikkim itself and across Tibet. However, the greatest attraction of Sikkim probably lies in the splendor of its landscapes - from Yumthang in the north to the high altitude meadows of Dzongri surrounded by snowy mountains, and even hot springs hidden in the central hills.

Sikkim occupies a delicate strategic position on the sensitive Indo-Chinese border and much of the north of the state is off-limits to visitors. Yet it is also pursuing ambitious projects to protect its environment and preserve its wonderful natural beauty for future generations. Even plastic bags have been banned from Gangtok and the signs are that this lush Himalayan paradise will continue to be a source of pride to the Sikkimese people and a land of magical attraction to visitors from distant lands